Linganisha mbinu

	Njia ya Tathmini ya Hali (Contingent Valuation Method)	Mfumo wa Bei za Hedonic	Mlinganyo wa Slutsky	Njia ya Gharama ya Safari
Nyanja	Uchumi	Uchumi	Uchumi	Uchumi
Familia	Process / pipeline	Regression model	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1963	1974	1915	1949
Mwanzilishi	Robert Davis	Sherwin Rosen	Eugen Slutsky	Harold Hotelling
Aina	Stated preference valuation method	Revealed preference valuation method	Demand decomposition identity	Revealed preference recreation demand model
Chanzo asilia	Mitchell, R. C., & Carson, R. T. (1989). Using Surveys to Value Public Goods: The Contingent Valuation Method. Resources for the Future.	Rosen, S. (1974). Hedonic Prices and Implicit Markets: Product Differentiation in Pure Competition. Journal of Political Economy, 82(1), 34–55.	Slutsky, E. E. (1915). On the Theory of the Budget of the Consumer. In G. J. Stigler & K. E. Boulding (Eds.), Readings in Price Theory, 27–56.	Hotelling, H. (1949). An Economic Study of the Monetary Valuation of Recreation in the National Parks. U.S. Department of Interior, National Park Service.
Majina mbadala	CVM, Willingness-to-Pay Survey, WTP Elicitation	Hedonic Regression, Characteristics Pricing Model	Slutsky Decomposition, Income and Substitution Effects	TCM, Recreation Demand Model, Zonal Travel Cost
Zinazohusiana	3	3	2	2
Muhtasari	Contingent Valuation (CVM), developed by Robert Davis in the 1960s, is a survey-based method for estimating the economic value of non-market environmental goods and services—such as wilderness preservation, air quality, or species protection—by directly asking people their willingness to pay (WTP) for specified improvements or willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for losses. It provides a valuation where market prices do not exist.	The hedonic pricing model, developed by Sherwin Rosen in 1974 and building on Kevin Lancaster's characteristics theory (1966), is an econometric method for valuing the implicit prices of product attributes by regressing market prices on observed characteristics. It reveals the trade-offs consumers are willing to make among product features and can be used to infer valuations of environmental amenities (e.g., air quality via house prices) and to adjust price indices for quality changes.	The Slutsky equation, derived by Russian economist Eugen Slutsky in 1915, is a fundamental identity in microeconomics that decomposes the total change in demand for a good into two effects: the substitution effect and the income effect. Formalizing John Hicks' later interpretation, it provides the mathematical foundation for understanding consumer response to price changes and for distinguishing welfare-relevant demand responses.	The Travel Cost Method (TCM), developed by Harold Hotelling in 1949 and formalized by Marion Clawson and Jack Knetsch in the 1960s, is an econometric approach for valuing recreational sites and environmental amenities by inferring value from the travel costs (transportation, time, entry fees) that people incur to visit them. The core principle is that distance traveled and travel costs reveal how much people value a recreation site: those traveling far incur high costs, implying high value.