Linganisha mbinu

	Component GARCH	Mtihani wa usababishaji katika kiwango cha tofauti	GARCH-MIDAS
Nyanja	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki	Ekonometriki
Familia	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Mwaka wa asili	1999	1996	2012
Mwanzilishi	Engle and Lee	Yin-Wong Cheung and Lilian Ng	Engle and Ghysels
Aina	Decomposed variance model	Conditional variance test	Time-varying variance model
Chanzo asilia	Engle, R. F., & Lee, G. (1999). A permanent and transitory component model of stock return volatility. Journal of Political Economy, 107(6), 1363-1384.	Cheung, Y. W., & Ng, L. K. (1996). A causality-in-variance test and its application to financial market prices. Journal of Econometrics, 72(1-2), 33-61.	Engle, R. F., & Ghysels, E. (2012). GARCH for long memory. Journal of Econometrics, 164(2), 385-391.
Majina mbadala	Volatility components model	Volatility spillover test	Mixed-frequency volatility model
Zinazohusiana	3	3	3
Muhtasari	Component GARCH decomposes conditional variance into transitory (short-term) and permanent (long-term) components with different dynamics, allowing flexibility in capturing volatility behavior at multiple frequencies. Introduced by Engle and Lee (1999), it elegantly models the empirical finding that volatility exhibits both rapid mean-reversion (daily shocks) and slow mean-reversion (level shifts). This framework is crucial for understanding volatility persistence and improving long-horizon volatility forecasting.	The causality-in-variance test detects whether shocks to one variable cause changes in the conditional variance (volatility) of another variable, distinct from mean-level causality. Introduced by Cheung and Ng (1996), it identifies volatility spillovers and contagion effects—crucial for risk management and understanding financial market interdependencies. This approach has become standard in studying shock transmission across asset classes and geographies.	GARCH-MIDAS decomposes volatility into short-term (GARCH) and long-term (MIDAS) components, allowing low-frequency macroeconomic variables to drive medium-term volatility while high-frequency returns govern daily fluctuations. Introduced by Engle and Ghysels (2012), this framework elegantly separates volatility time scales. The approach is powerful for understanding how macro conditions (growth, inflation) drive risk premia and for improved volatility forecasting.