Linganisha mbinu

	Nambari ya Alamouti	Misimbo ya Usahihishaji Makosa ya Msongamano Mdogo (LDPC)
Nyanja	Mawasiliano ya Simu	Mawasiliano ya Simu
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1998	1962
Mwanzilishi	Siavash Alamouti	Robert Gallager
Aina	space-time coding scheme	linear error-correcting code
Chanzo asilia	Alamouti, S. M. (1998). A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(8), 1451-1458.	Gallager, R. G. (1962). Low-density parity-check codes. IRE Transactions on Information Theory, 8(1), 21-28.
Majina mbadala	space-time coding, transmit diversity	sparse codes, belief propagation codes
Zinazohusiana	5	5
Muhtasari	The Alamouti code is an elegant space-time coding scheme that provides full transmit diversity using two antennas and a simple linear receiver. Introduced by Siavash Alamouti in 1998, it requires no channel state information at the transmitter, achieves the same bit-error rate as a single-antenna system with receiver diversity, and uses linear processing for decoding. The Alamouti code has become the de facto standard for transmit diversity in cellular systems and is adopted in LTE, WiFi, and many 5G protocols.	LDPC codes, invented by Robert Gallager in 1962 and rediscovered in the 1990s by MacKay, are linear error-correcting codes defined by sparse parity-check matrices. They achieve performance within 0.4 dB of the Shannon limit with iterative belief-propagation decoding and have become the standard for modern wireless (WiFi-6, 5G NR, Digital Video Broadcasting). Unlike turbo codes, LDPC codes have a more elegant graph-theoretic structure and more mature theoretical analysis.