Linganisha mbinu

	Utafiti Shirikishi	Utafiti wa vitendo vya elimu
Nyanja	Utafiti wa Kimaelezo	Mbinu za Uwandani
Familia	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Mwaka wa asili	1946	1940s (Lewin); educational context developed 1970s–1980s
Mwanzilishi	Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations); Lawrence Stenhouse and John Elliott (educational adaptation)
Aina	Method	Participatory qualitative research design
Chanzo asilia	Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46.	Elliott, J. (1991). Action Research for Educational Change. Open University Press. ISBN: 978-0335096190
Majina mbadala	Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry	EAR, practitioner research, teacher action research, classroom action research
Zinazohusiana	1	6
Muhtasari	Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement.	Educational action research is a cyclical, practitioner-led inquiry method in which educators systematically investigate a problem or opportunity in their own classroom or school, implement a change, observe its effects, and reflect on findings to guide the next cycle. Rooted in Kurt Lewin's action research framework and developed for educational contexts by Lawrence Stenhouse and John Elliott, it bridges the gap between educational theory and classroom practice by making teachers agents of rigorous inquiry.