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	Transformational Leadership Scale	Organisationsengagemangsskala
Ämnesområde	Organisationsbeteende	Organisationsbeteende
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1985	1991
Upphovsperson	Bernard M. Bass and Bruce J. Avolio	John P. Meyer and Natalie J. Allen
Typ	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
Ursprungskälla	Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York: The Free Press. ISBN: 978-0029015001	Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61-89.
Alias	TLS, MLQ, Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire	OCS, Meyer & Allen Scale
Närliggande	5	5
Sammanfattning	The Transformational Leadership Scale (TLS), operationalized in the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ), was developed by Bass and Avolio (1985, 1991) to measure leadership styles across a continuum from transactional to transformational. Transformational leadership comprises four dimensions: idealized influence (role modeling and inspiration), inspirational motivation (articulating compelling vision), intellectual stimulation (encouraging innovation), and individualized consideration (personalized development). The scale has become foundational in organizational psychology and management research for understanding leadership effectiveness and organizational outcomes.	The Organizational Commitment Scale (OCS), developed by Meyer and Allen in 1991, measures three distinct dimensions of organizational commitment: affective commitment (emotional attachment), continuance commitment (perceived cost of leaving), and normative commitment (sense of obligation). This three-component model has become foundational in understanding employee retention, engagement, and organizational attachment.