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	Policy Evaluation Matching Estimator	Propensity score-matchning
Ämnesområde	Kausal inferens	Forskningsstatistik
Familj	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1998-2006	1983
Upphovsperson	Heckman, Ichimura & Todd; Abadie & Imbens	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Typ	Non-parametric causal estimator	Method
Ursprungskälla	Abadie, A., & Imbens, G. W. (2006). Large sample properties of matching estimators for average treatment effects. Econometrica, 74(1), 235-267.	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Alias	matching estimator, program evaluation matching, treatment effect matching, Abadie-Imbens estimator	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Närliggande	6	3
Sammanfattning	The policy evaluation matching estimator estimates the causal effect of a program or policy on treated units by pairing each participant with one or more non-participants who share similar pre-treatment characteristics. Developed rigorously by Heckman, Ichimura & Todd (1998) and Abadie & Imbens (2006), it avoids parametric outcome models and is the standard non-parametric tool for program and policy evaluation.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.