Jämför metoder

	Undervisningsnära aktionsforskning	Design-Based Research (DBR)	Etnografi
Ämnesområde	Fältmetoder	Fältmetoder	Kvalitativa metoder
Familj	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ursprungsår	1940s (Lewin); educational context developed 1970s–1980s	1992	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)
Upphovsperson	Kurt Lewin (action research foundations); Lawrence Stenhouse and John Elliott (educational adaptation)	Ann L. Brown and Allan Collins (independently, 1992)	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology
Typ	Participatory qualitative research design	Interventionist qualitative-quantitative mixed methodology	Qualitative fieldwork tradition
Ursprungskälla	Elliott, J. (1991). Action Research for Educational Change. Open University Press. ISBN: 978-0335096190	Brown, A. L. (1992). Design experiments: Theoretical and methodological challenges in creating complex interventions in classroom settings. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2(2), 141–178.	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462
Alias	EAR, practitioner research, teacher action research, classroom action research	DBR, design research, design experiment, educational design research	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research
Närliggande	6	6	5
Sammanfattning	Educational action research is a cyclical, practitioner-led inquiry method in which educators systematically investigate a problem or opportunity in their own classroom or school, implement a change, observe its effects, and reflect on findings to guide the next cycle. Rooted in Kurt Lewin's action research framework and developed for educational contexts by Lawrence Stenhouse and John Elliott, it bridges the gap between educational theory and classroom practice by making teachers agents of rigorous inquiry.	Design-based research (DBR) is an iterative, interventionist methodology that simultaneously designs educational interventions and builds theory about how and why those interventions work in authentic, complex settings. Originating in Ann Brown's 1992 classroom experiments and Allan Collins's parallel work, DBR treats the learning environment as both the object of study and the site of theory generation, cycling through design, enactment, analysis, and redesign until both practical improvement and theoretical insight are achieved.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.