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	Bičový efekt	Kanban
Odbor	Prevádzkový manažment	Prevádzkový manažment
Rodina	Machine learning	Machine learning
Rok vzniku	1961	1950
Tvorca	Jay Forrester	Taiichi Ohno
Typ	Phenomenon and analysis framework	Production control system
Pôvodný zdroj	Lee, H. L., Padmanabhan, V., & Whang, S. (1997). The bullwhip effect in supply chains. Sloan Management Review, 38(3), 93–102.	Ohno, T. (1988). Toyota production system: Beyond large-scale production. Cambridge, MA: Productivity Press.
Ďalšie názvy	demand amplification, Forrester effect	visual management, pull system
Príbuzné	5	5
Zhrnutie	The Bullwhip Effect is a phenomenon in supply chain management where small fluctuations in end-customer demand cause progressively larger fluctuations in orders as one moves upstream from retail to distributors to manufacturers to suppliers. First formally documented by Jay Forrester in his 1961 system dynamics work, and later popularized by Lee, Padmanabhan, and Whang in 1997, the effect reveals how information delays and ordering strategies amplify demand variability throughout supply chains, leading to excess inventory, inefficient production scheduling, and increased costs.	Kanban is a pull-based production control system developed by Taiichi Ohno at Toyota in the 1950s that uses visual signals (traditionally cards or bins) to trigger production and movement of materials based on actual demand rather than forecasts. The Japanese word 'kanban' means 'visual card' or 'sign,' and the system operates on the principle that work should flow in response to downstream requirements. Kanban is a foundational element of the Toyota Production System and lean manufacturing, enabling just-in-time production, reduced inventory, and improved flow efficiency.