Сравнение методов

	Сегментация текста	Идентификация языка (LID)	N-граммная языковая модель	Анализ тональности	TF-IDF
Область	Интеллектуальный анализ текста	Интеллектуальный анализ текста	Интеллектуальный анализ текста	Интеллектуальный анализ текста	Интеллектуальный анализ текста
Семейство	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Год появления	1997	—	—	—	1988
Автор метода	Marti A. Hearst (TextTiling)	—	—	—	Salton & Buckley
Тип	NLP document-structure / topic-boundary detection	NLP text-classification task	Statistical language model	NLP text-classification task	Text vectorization / term-weighting scheme
Основополагающий источник	Hearst, M.A. (1997). TextTiling: Segmenting Text into Multi-Paragraph Subtopic Passages. Computational Linguistics, 23(1), 33-64.	Lui, M. & Baldwin, T. (2012). langid.py: An Off-the-shelf Language Identification Tool. Proceedings of the ACL 2012 System Demonstrations.	Jurafsky, D. & Martin, J.H. (2023). Speech and Language Processing, 3rd ed.	Pang, B. & Lee, L. (2008). Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis. Foundations and Trends in Information Retrieval, 2(1-2), 1-135.	Salton, G. & Buckley, C. (1988). Term-weighting approaches in automatic text retrieval. Information Processing & Management, 24(5), 513-523.
Другие названия	topic segmentation, discourse segmentation, linear text segmentation, Metin Bölümleme (Text Segmentation)	language detection, LID, Dil Tanımlama (Language Identification)	n-gram model, statistical language model, N-gram Dil Modeli	opinion mining, polarity detection, duygu analizi	term weighting, tf-idf weighting, TF-IDF Vektörizasyonu
Связанные	4	4	4	3	3
Сводка	Text segmentation divides a long document into meaningful sections (segments) along topic or discourse boundaries. Introduced for subtopic passages by Marti A. Hearst's TextTiling (1997), it supports document-structure analysis and the detection of topic transitions in continuous text.	Language identification is a natural-language-processing task that automatically detects which language a piece of text is written in. Building on off-the-shelf tools such as langid.py (Lui & Baldwin, 2012) and the efficient classifiers of Joulin et al. (2017), it is widely used to preprocess and filter multilingual data sets.	An n-gram language model is a statistical model that predicts the probability of the next word by looking only at the previous n−1 words. Described in detail by Jurafsky and Martin (Speech and Language Processing), it provides foundational infrastructure for text generation, spelling correction, and speech recognition.	Sentiment analysis, also called opinion mining, is a natural-language-processing task that detects the emotional tone of text — typically classifying it as positive, negative, or neutral. It turns unstructured opinion text into structured, quantifiable polarity signals using one of three families of approaches: sentiment lexicons, trained machine-learning classifiers, or pretrained transformer models.	TF-IDF, introduced by Salton and Buckley (1988), is a term-weighting scheme that scores each word in a document by how often it appears there and how rare it is across the whole collection. It turns raw text into weighted document vectors, giving high weight to terms that are frequent in one document but uncommon elsewhere.