Compară metode

	Modelarea Liniară Ierarhică (HLM / Modelare Multilevel)	Model cu efecte mixte	Analiza Varianței Unidirecțională	ANOVA cu măsuri repetate
Domeniu	Statistică	Statistică	Statistică	Statistică
Familie	Hypothesis test	Regression model	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Anul apariției	1986	1982	1925	1992
Autorul original	Raudenbush & Bryk (popularized); Goldstein (parallel development)	Laird & Ware	Ronald A. Fisher	Girden (textbook treatment); Field (2013)
Tip	Parametric nested-data regression	Mixed effects regression	Parametric mean comparison	Parametric within-subjects mean comparison
Sursa seminală	Raudenbush, S.W. & Bryk, A.S. (2002). Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods (2nd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-0761919049	Laird, N. M., & Ware, J. H. (1982). Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics, 38(4), 963–974.	Fisher, R. A. (1925). Statistical Methods for Research Workers. Edinburgh: Oliver and Boyd.	Field, A. (2013). Discovering Statistics Using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed., Ch. 14). SAGE. ISBN: 978-1446249185
Denumiri alternative	HLM, MLM, multilevel modeling, multilevel analysis	LME, LMM, mixed model, random effects model	one-factor ANOVA, single-factor ANOVA, analysis of variance, tek yönlü ANOVA	within-subjects ANOVA, repeated measures analysis of variance, rm-ANOVA, Tekrarlı Ölçüm ANOVA
Înrudite	4	4	4	4
Rezumat	Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM), also known as Multilevel Modeling (MLM), is a parametric statistical method for analyzing nested or clustered data — for example students within classrooms, patients within hospitals, or employees within organizations. Formalized by Raudenbush and Bryk in their 2002 seminal text (building on work from the mid-1980s), HLM simultaneously estimates individual-level and group-level effects while correctly partitioning variance across levels.	A mixed effects model (or linear mixed model) extends ordinary regression by including both fixed effects — population-level parameters shared by all observations — and random effects that capture subject-, group-, or cluster-level variability. It is the standard tool for repeated-measures, longitudinal, and multilevel data where observations within the same unit are correlated.	One-way ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares the means of three or more independent groups on a single continuous outcome to decide whether at least one group mean differs. It rests on the variance-partitioning framework introduced by Ronald A. Fisher in 1925.	Repeated-measures ANOVA is a parametric hypothesis test that compares three or more measurements taken from the same individuals — typically across time points or conditions — to decide whether their means differ. It extends one-way ANOVA to within-subjects designs, as treated in standard references such as Girden (1992) and Field (2013).