Compară metode

	Erori Standard Robuste la Heteroscedasticitate (HC)	Bootstrap sălbatic pentru inferență în regresie
Domeniu	Statistică	Statistică
Familie	Regression model	Regression model
Anul apariției	1980	1986
Autorul original	Eicker; Huber; White (1980); MacKinnon & White (1985)	Wu (1986); refined by Davidson & Flachaire (2008)
Tip	Robust covariance estimator for linear regression	Resampling-based regression inference
Sursa seminală	White, H. (1980). A Heteroskedasticity-Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimator and a Direct Test for Heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48(4), 817-838.	Wu, C. F. J. (1986). Jackknife, Bootstrap and Other Resampling Methods in Regression Analysis. Annals of Statistics, 14(4), 1261-1295.
Denumiri alternative	robust standard errors, White standard errors, Huber-Eicker-White standard errors, sandwich standard errors	wild bootstrap, wild cluster bootstrap, Wu-Liu resampling, Wild Bootstrap
Înrudite	5	5
Rezumat	Heteroscedasticity-robust standard errors are a correction to the covariance matrix of an OLS regression that yields valid inference when the error variance is not constant. Introduced by Halbert White in 1980 and refined into the finite-sample variants HC1-HC4 by MacKinnon and White in 1985, they leave the coefficient estimates unchanged but rebuild the standard errors so that t and F tests remain trustworthy under heteroscedasticity.	The wild bootstrap is a resampling method for regression models with heteroscedastic errors, introduced by Wu (1986) and refined by Davidson and Flachaire (2008). It builds a bootstrap distribution by rescaling each fitted residual with a random sign, so that standard errors and confidence intervals stay valid when the error variance is not constant or the data are clustered.