Compară metode

	Difference-in-Differences (Diff-in-Diff)	Potrivirea scorului de propensitate
Domeniu	Econometrie	Statistică pentru cercetare
Familie	Regression model	Process / pipeline
Anul apariției	1994	1983
Autorul original	Card & Krueger (canonical 1994 application); Angrist & Pischke (textbook treatment)	Paul Rosenbaum and Donald Rubin
Tip	Causal inference / panel regression	Method
Sursa seminală	Angrist, J. D., & Pischke, J.-S. (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics: An Empiricist's Companion. Princeton University Press. ISBN: 978-0691120355	Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika, 70(1), 41–55.
Denumiri alternative	diff-in-diff, DiD, Farkların Farkı (Diff-in-Diff)	PSM, propensity score weighting, covariate balance
Înrudite	5	3
Rezumat	Difference-in-Differences is a causal-inference method that estimates the effect of an intervention by comparing how a treatment group and a control group change over time. Made famous by Card and Krueger's 1994 minimum-wage study and developed in Angrist and Pischke's Mostly Harmless Econometrics, it isolates the treatment effect as the difference between the two groups' before-after changes.	Propensity score matching (PSM) is a method for reducing confounding bias in observational studies by balancing baseline characteristics between treatment groups, simulating randomization. Developed by Rosenbaum and Rubin (1983), it estimates the probability of receiving treatment given observed covariates, then matches or weights treated and control individuals with similar treatment probabilities. Widely used in medicine, epidemiology, and policy evaluation when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical, enabling estimation of treatment effects while controlling for selection bias.