Compară metode

	Efectul de bici (Bullwhip Effect)	Planificarea Cerințelor de Materiale
Domeniu	Managementul operațiunilor	Managementul operațiunilor
Familie	Machine learning	Machine learning
Anul apariției	1961	1975
Autorul original	Jay Forrester	Joseph Orlicky
Tip	Phenomenon and analysis framework	Material planning algorithm
Sursa seminală	Lee, H. L., Padmanabhan, V., & Whang, S. (1997). The bullwhip effect in supply chains. Sloan Management Review, 38(3), 93–102.	Orlicky, J. (1975). Material requirements planning: The new way of life in production and inventory management. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Denumiri alternative	demand amplification, Forrester effect	MRP, MRP I
Înrudite	5	5
Rezumat	The Bullwhip Effect is a phenomenon in supply chain management where small fluctuations in end-customer demand cause progressively larger fluctuations in orders as one moves upstream from retail to distributors to manufacturers to suppliers. First formally documented by Jay Forrester in his 1961 system dynamics work, and later popularized by Lee, Padmanabhan, and Whang in 1997, the effect reveals how information delays and ordering strategies amplify demand variability throughout supply chains, leading to excess inventory, inefficient production scheduling, and increased costs.	Material Requirements Planning (MRP) is a computerized system developed by Joseph Orlicky in the 1970s that calculates material requirements based on master production schedules and bill-of-materials data. MRP determines what materials to buy, how much to order, and when to order them to meet production demand while minimizing inventory carrying costs. It became a foundational technology for manufacturing planning and later evolved into manufacturing resource planning (MRP II) and enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems.