Compară metode

	Etica cercetării pe animale	Raportul Belmont	Comitetul de Etică în Cercetare
Domeniu	Etica cercetării	Etica cercetării	Etica cercetării
Familie	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Anul apariției	1959	1979	1974
Autorul original	Russell & Burch (1959); EU Directive 2010/63/EU; NIH, USDA, international adoption	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research (US DHEW)	U.S. Federal Requirement (National Research Act 1974); International adoption by WMA and research institutions globally
Tip	Framework	Framework	Standard
Sursa seminală	Russell, W.M.S. & Burch, R.L. (1959). The Principles of Humane Experimental Technique. Methuen.	National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare.	U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 45, Part 46: Protection of Human Subjects. Office of the Federal Register.
Denumiri alternative	3Rs Framework, Animal Welfare Principles, Animal Research Ethics	Belmont Principles, Three Ethical Principles	IRB, Research Ethics Committee, REC
Înrudite	3	5	4
Rezumat	The 3Rs (Replacement, Reduction, Refinement) is the ethical framework governing humane animal research, established by Russell and Burch (1959) and now adopted globally by research institutions, funding agencies, and regulatory bodies. The 3Rs require researchers to: replace animal research with non-animal methods where possible, reduce the number of animals used through rigorous design, and refine experimental procedures to minimize animal suffering. Implementation of the 3Rs is now mandatory in most jurisdictions through Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees (IACUCs), EU Directive 2010/63/EU, and NIH policy.	The Belmont Report (1979) is the foundational US ethical framework for human subjects research, established by the National Commission following the Tuskegee Syphilis Study scandal. It articulates three core principles—Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice—that form the basis for institutional review and regulatory oversight of human research globally. Every researcher conducting human studies must understand and apply these principles.	The Institutional Review Board (IRB) is the independent ethics committee established at research institutions to review and approve human subjects research, ensuring compliance with ethical principles and federal regulations. Created as a legal requirement by the U.S. National Research Act (1974) and now adopted globally, the IRB serves as the primary mechanism for protecting research subjects while enabling legitimate research to proceed. No human subjects research can begin without IRB approval.