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Fluxo de Tráfego (Modelo LWR)×Método de Hardy Cross×
ÁreaEngenharia civilEngenharia civil
FamíliaProcess / pipelineProcess / pipeline
Ano de origem19551936
Autor originalM. J. Lighthill and G. B. WhithamHardy Cross
TipoMacroscopic traffic flow modeling using conservation lawsIterative method for pipe network flow distribution
Fonte seminalLighthill, M. J., & Whitham, G. B. (1955). On kinematic waves I. Flow movement in long rivers. Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 229(1178), 281-316. DOI ↗Cross, H. (1936). Analysis of flow in networks of conduits or conductors. University of Illinois Bulletin, 34(17), 3-29. link ↗
Outros nomesLWR model, Traffic wave, Kinematic wave theoryCross method, Moment distribution method, Iterative balancing
Relacionados33
ResumoThe Lighthill-Whitham-Richards (LWR) model is a macroscopic traffic flow model that treats traffic as a compressible fluid, applying conservation of vehicles and a flow-density relationship. Introduced independently by Lighthill and Whitham (1955) and Richards (1956), the model predicts traffic wave propagation, congestion formation, and bottleneck behavior on highways.The Hardy Cross method is an iterative technique for solving steady-state flow distribution in pipe networks, originally developed for water distribution systems. Introduced by Hardy Cross in 1936, this method balances flow continuity and pressure head constraints through successive iterations, making it ideal for hand calculations and gaining physical insight into network behavior.
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ScholarGateComparar métodos: Traffic Flow (LWR Model) · Hardy Cross Method. Recuperado em 2026-06-17 de https://scholargate.app/pt/compare