Comparar métodos

	Estudo de Caso Comparativo	Etnografia	Netnografia
Área	Qualitativo	Qualitativo	Qualitativo
Família	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Ano de origem	1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake)	c. 1922 (Malinowski's Argonauts of the Western Pacific)	1997 (coined); 2010 (first comprehensive methodology book)
Autor original	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake	Bronisław Malinowski (modern ethnography); rooted in 19th-century anthropology	Robert V. Kozinets
Tipo	Qualitative / mixed research design	Qualitative fieldwork tradition	Qualitative research method
Fonte seminal	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Hammersley, M. & Atkinson, P. (2019). Ethnography: Principles in Practice (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 978-1138504462	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875907
Outros nomes	cross-case study, multi-site case study, multiple case study design, comparative case analysis	Etnografi, participant observation, fieldwork, ethnographic research	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, cyber-ethnography, digital ethnography
Relacionados	4	5	6
Resumo	Comparative case study is a qualitative research design in which two or more bounded cases are studied in depth and then systematically compared to identify similarities, differences, and patterns across contexts. Rooted in Yin's replication logic and Stake's multiple case framework, it is particularly suited to questions that ask how or why a phenomenon unfolds differently — or similarly — across distinct settings, populations, or time periods.	Ethnography is a qualitative research tradition in which a researcher immerses themselves in a social group or community over an extended period — typically three to six months or longer — to study its culture, values, and behaviours in their natural setting. Originating in social and cultural anthropology, and consolidated as a rigorous method by Bronisław Malinowski in the early twentieth century, ethnography produces rich, contextualised accounts of how people live, work, and make meaning together.	Netnography is a qualitative research method that adapts the principles of cultural ethnography to the study of online communities and social media environments. Coined by Robert Kozinets in 1997 and systematised in his 2010 handbook, netnography treats digital spaces — forums, social networks, blogs, review sites — as naturally occurring field sites where communities gather, share meanings, and construct identities. The method combines unobtrusive observation of digital traces with active participation and, where appropriate, direct member interaction.