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| Dwuparametrowy logistyczny model teorii odpowiedzi na pozycje (2PL)× | Kwantitativna analiza czynnikowa (CFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Psychometria | Psychometria |
| Rodzina | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Rok powstania≠ | 1980 | 1969 |
| Twórca≠ | Frederic M. Lord | Karl Gustav Jöreskog |
| Typ≠ | Item response model / latent trait model | Hypothesis-testing latent variable model |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Lord, F. M. (1980). Applications of Item Response Theory to Practical Testing Problems. Erlbaum. link ↗ | Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202. DOI ↗ |
| Inne nazwy≠ | two-parameter logistic model, 2PL model, 2PL IRT — İki Parametreli Madde Tepki Modeli | CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis |
| Pokrewne≠ | 6 | 4 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The two-parameter logistic item response model, formalised by Frederic Lord (1980), describes the probability that a respondent answers a binary test item correctly as a smooth S-shaped function of the respondent's latent ability. By estimating a separate discrimination parameter for each item alongside a difficulty parameter, 2PL allows items to differ in how sharply they distinguish high- from low-ability respondents — making it the standard model for large-scale educational and psychological assessments. | Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing. |
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