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	Hierarchiczna omega McDonalda (ωh)	Kwantitativna analiza czynnikowa (CFA)
Dziedzina	Psychometria	Psychometria
Rodzina	Latent structure	Latent structure
Rok powstania	1999	1969
Twórca	Roderick P. McDonald	Karl Gustav Jöreskog
Typ	Reliability / composite score validity coefficient	Hypothesis-testing latent variable model
Źródło pierwotne	Reise, S. P., Scheines, R., Widaman, K. F. & Haviland, M. G. (2013). Multidimensionality and structural coefficient bias in structural equation modeling: A bifactor perspective. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 73(1), 5–26.	Jöreskog, K. G. (1969). A general approach to confirmatory maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 34(2), 183–202.
Inne nazwy	omega hierarchical, omega-h, bifactor omega, composite score validity coefficient	CFA, confirmatory FA, measurement model, restricted factor analysis
Pokrewne	5	4
Podsumowanie	McDonald's hierarchical omega (ωh) is a coefficient derived from a bifactor confirmatory factor model that quantifies what proportion of total-score variance is attributable to a single general factor rather than to group-specific factors or item-level error. Introduced by Roderick P. McDonald (1999) and elaborated for bifactor applications by Reise and colleagues (2013) and Rodriguez and colleagues (2016), it is the primary index used in psychometrics to evaluate whether a composite total score is a defensible summary of a multidimensional scale.	Confirmatory factor analysis tests a researcher-specified factor structure against observed data. Unlike exploratory approaches, the researcher decides in advance which indicators load on which latent factor, and the model is evaluated by how closely the implied covariance matrix reproduces the sample covariance matrix. CFA is central to scale validation, construct validity assessment, and measurement invariance testing.