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| Skala Autentycznego Przywództwa× | Skala Toksycznego Przywództwa× | |
|---|---|---|
| Dziedzina | Zachowania organizacyjne | Zachowania organizacyjne |
| Rodzina | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Rok powstania≠ | 2008 | 2007 |
| Twórca≠ | Walumbwa, Avolio, Gardner, Wernsing, and Peterson | Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad |
| Typ≠ | Self-report scale | Observational scale |
| Źródło pierwotne≠ | Walumbwa, F. O., Avolio, B. J., Gardner, W. L., Wernsing, T. S., & Peterson, S. J. (2008). Authentic leadership: Development and validation of a theory-based measure. Journal of Management, 34(1), 89-126. DOI ↗ | Einarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., & Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 207-216. DOI ↗ |
| Inne nazwy | Walumbwa ALS | Destructive Leadership Scale |
| Pokrewne | 4 | 4 |
| Podsumowanie≠ | The Authentic Leadership Scale (ALS) is a 16-item instrument measuring four dimensions of authentic leadership: self-awareness, relational transparency, balanced processing, and internalized moral perspective. Developed by Walumbwa, Avolio, and colleagues in 2008, the ALS assesses leadership grounded in self-knowledge and ethical conviction. | The Toxic Leadership Scale (TLS) is a 16-item instrument measuring destructive leadership behaviors including abusive supervision, narcissism, and authoritarian control. Developed by Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad in 2007, the TLS identifies harmful leadership behaviors that undermine organizational effectiveness and employee well-being. |
| ScholarGateZbiór danych ↗ |
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