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Schaal voor Toxisch Leiderschap×Enquête naar Medewerkersbetrokkenheid×
VakgebiedOrganisatiegedragOrganisatiegedrag
FamilieProcess / pipelineProcess / pipeline
Jaar van ontstaan20072002
GrondleggerEinarsen, Aasland, and SkogstadWilmar B. Schaufeli and Arnold B. Bakker
TypeObservational scaleSelf-report scale
Oorspronkelijke bronEinarsen, S., Aasland, M. S., & Skogstad, A. (2007). Destructive leadership behaviour: A definition and conceptual model. Leadership Quarterly, 18(3), 207-216. DOI ↗Schaufeli, W. B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V., & Bakker, A. B. (2002). The measurement of engagement and burnout: A two sample confirmatory factor analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 3(1), 71-92. DOI ↗
AliassenDestructive Leadership ScaleUtrecht Work Engagement Scale, UWES
Verwant44
SamenvattingThe Toxic Leadership Scale (TLS) is a 16-item instrument measuring destructive leadership behaviors including abusive supervision, narcissism, and authoritarian control. Developed by Einarsen, Aasland, and Skogstad in 2007, the TLS identifies harmful leadership behaviors that undermine organizational effectiveness and employee well-being.The Employee Engagement Survey, grounded in Schaufeli and Bakker's Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), is a 17-item instrument measuring occupational engagement across three dimensions: vigor, dedication, and absorption. Originally developed in 2002, the EES assesses the positive psychological state of work engagement, complementing burnout assessment.
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ScholarGateMethoden vergelijken: Toxic Leadership Scale · Employee Engagement Survey. Geraadpleegd op 2026-06-20 via https://scholargate.app/nl/compare