Methoden vergelijken

	Fourier AR-model	Fourier Vector Error Correction Model (Fourier VECM)
Vakgebied	Econometrie	Econometrie
Familie	Regression model	Regression model
Jaar van ontstaan	2012	2004–2012
Grondlegger	Enders & Lee	Enders & Lee (2004/2012); extended to VECM by subsequent authors
Type	Time series model with Fourier augmentation	Error-correction model with Fourier terms
Oorspronkelijke bron	Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). A unit root test using a Fourier series to approximate smooth breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574–599.	Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). A Unit Root Test Using a Fourier Series to Approximate Smooth Breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574–599.
Aliassen	Fourier AR, trigonometric AR model, smooth transition AR with Fourier terms, FAR model	Fourier VECM, Fourier-approximation VECM, smooth-break VECM, trigonometric VECM
Verwant	6	5
Samenvatting	The Fourier AR model extends the standard autoregressive specification by adding trigonometric (sine and cosine) terms to the deterministic component. This allows the model to capture smooth, gradual shifts in the mean or trend of a time series without requiring the researcher to locate or count structural break points explicitly.	The Fourier VECM augments the classical vector error correction model with low-frequency trigonometric terms — sine and cosine components — to capture smooth, gradual structural change in cointegrating relationships without specifying the number or timing of breaks in advance. It is used for multivariate cointegrated systems where long-run equilibria may shift gradually over time.