Stratified Sampling
Stratified sampling is a probability sampling design in which the target population is partitioned into non-overlapping, exhaustive subgroups called strata, and independent probability samples are drawn within each stratum. Formalized by William G. Cochran in Sampling Techniques (1977), the method exploits known population structure to reduce variance and guarantee representativeness of all major subgroups, making it a cornerstone of large-scale survey research and official statistics.
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- Cochran, W. G. (1977). Sampling Techniques (3rd ed.). Wiley. · ISBN 978-0-471-16240-7
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