Classroom Environment Scale
The Classroom Environment Scale is a comprehensive instrument measuring the social, emotional, and organizational climate of educational settings. Developed by Moos and Trickett in 1974, the CES assesses students' or teachers' perceptions of classroom relationships, instructional climate, and classroom management. By providing a multidimensional profile of classroom environment, the CES enables educators to identify strengths and opportunities for improvement in classroom culture, directly informing interventions to enhance student engagement, achievement, and well-being.
Rekod sumber
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- Moos, R. H., & Trickett, E. J. (1974). Classroom Environment Scale: A method for assessing the social climate of classrooms. Consulting Psychologists Press. · URL
- Fraser, B. J. (1994). Research on classroom and school climate. In D. L. Gabel (Ed.), Handbook of research on science teaching and learning (pp. 493–541). National Science Teachers Association. · URL
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