Bandingkan kaedah

	Analisis Laluan Teguh	Pemodelan Persamaan Struktur
Bidang	Statistik	Statistik Penyelidikan
Keluarga	Latent structure	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1998	1921
Pengasas	Yuan & Bentler (robust SEM/path framework); Huber (M-estimation foundation)	Sewall Wright
Jenis	Causal path modeling with robust estimation	Method
Sumber perintis	Yuan, K.-H. & Bentler, P. M. (1998). Robust mean and covariance structure analysis. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 51(1), 63–88.	Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1973). LISREL: A general computer program for estimating a linear structural equation system. Research Bulletin 73-5. University of Stockholm.
Alias	robust PA, path analysis with robust standard errors, robust causal path modeling, robust structural path modeling	SEM, path analysis, latent variable modeling, causal modeling
Berkaitan	6	3
Ringkasan	Robust path analysis applies robust estimation — such as sandwich standard errors or M-estimation — to path models that specify directed causal relationships among observed variables. It preserves valid inference about path coefficients and indirect effects when data violate normality, contain outliers, or exhibit heteroscedasticity that would distort conventional standard errors.	Structural equation modeling (SEM) is a comprehensive statistical framework combining path analysis (Sewall Wright, 1921) and confirmatory factor analysis to test complex causal models linking observed and latent variables. Formalized by Jöreskog (1973) with LISREL software, SEM enables simultaneous estimation of measurement relationships (how variables measure latent constructs) and structural relationships (how constructs influence outcomes), making it powerful for theory testing in psychology, epidemiology, organizational research, and health sciences where complex mediation, moderation, and latent processes require integrated analysis.