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| Model Pembetulan Ralat Vektor Tak Linear (VECM Tak Linear)× | Ujian Sempadan ARDL (Ujian Sempadan Pesaran)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Ekonometrik | Ekonometrik |
| Keluarga | Regression model | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1989–1998 | 2001 |
| Pengasas≠ | Granger & Lee (1989); Enders & Granger (1998) | Pesaran, Shin & Smith |
| Jenis≠ | Nonlinear time-series model | Cointegration test / Autoregressive distributed lag model |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Enders, W., & Granger, C. W. J. (1998). Unit-root tests and asymmetric adjustment with an example using the term structure of interest rates. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 16(3), 304–311. DOI ↗ | Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | nonlinear VECM, NVECM, threshold VECM, asymmetric VECM | Pesaran bounds test, bounds testing approach, ARDL cointegration test, ARDL Sınır Testi (Pesaran Bounds Test) |
| Berkaitan≠ | 2 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Nonlinear VECM extends the standard linear VECM by allowing the speed of adjustment toward long-run equilibrium to differ depending on the sign, magnitude, or regime of deviations from that equilibrium. It captures asymmetric or threshold-driven dynamics in cointegrated time-series systems that a standard VECM would miss. | The ARDL bounds test is an autoregressive distributed lag method that tests for a cointegrating (long-run level) relationship between time series, introduced by Pesaran, Shin and Smith in 2001. Unlike the Johansen procedure, it remains valid whether the variables are I(0), I(1) or a mix of the two, and it is more reliable than Johansen in small samples of roughly 30 to 80 observations. |
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