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	EPOC	Nisbah Pertukaran Pernafasan
Bidang	Sains Sukan	Sains Sukan
Keluarga	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
Tahun asal	1986	1949
Pengasas	Brehm & Gutin	J. B. Weir
Jenis	post-exercise metabolic measurement	expired gas analysis
Sumber perintis	Brehm, B. A., & Gutin, B. (1986). Recovery energy expenditure for steady state exercise in runners and non-runners. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 18(4), 441-446.	Weir, J. B. (1949). New methods for calculating metabolic rate with special reference to protein metabolism. Journal of Physiology, 109(1-2), 1-9.
Alias	afterburn effect, recovery oxygen uptake, post-exercise metabolic elevation, APMR	RER, respiratory quotient, RQ, substrate oxidation ratio
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), commonly called the 'afterburn effect', is the elevated rate of oxygen uptake and metabolic activity that persists after exercise ends. First systematically studied by Brehm and Gutin (1986), EPOC reflects the energy cost of restoring homeostasis after physical exertion. During recovery, the body must replenish phosphate stores, clear lactate, restore oxygen debt to muscles, increase body temperature, and return cardiovascular and respiratory function to baseline. This lingering metabolic elevation results in continued calorie burning long after exercise stops, a phenomenon of significant interest in sports science and fitness.	The respiratory exchange ratio (RER), also called the respiratory quotient (RQ), is the ratio of carbon dioxide produced to oxygen consumed during metabolism. Introduced by J. B. Weir (1949), RER is a non-invasive indirect measure of substrate utilization—indicating whether the body is primarily oxidizing carbohydrate, fat, or protein. RER values range from approximately 0.7 (pure fat oxidation) to 1.0 (pure carbohydrate oxidation) and higher under anaerobic conditions. By measuring exhaled and inhaled gases during exercise, RER reveals which fuel source predominates at different intensities, providing insights into metabolic flexibility and exercise physiology.