Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Keberkesanan Diri Akademik	Soal Selidik Proses Pengajian
Bidang	Psikologi Pendidikan	Psikologi Pendidikan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1977	1987
Pengasas	Albert Bandura	John Biggs
Jenis	Self-efficacy belief measurement	Self-report learning process inventory
Sumber perintis	Bandura, A. (1977). Self-Efficacy: Toward a Unifying Theory of Behavioral Change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191-215.	Biggs, J. B. (1987). Study Process Questionnaire: A New Instrument for Assessing Ways of Learning. Educational Research and Perspectives, 14(1), 1-8.
Alias	ASES, Self-Efficacy for Academic Performance	SPQ, Learning Process Questionnaire, LPQ
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	The Academic Self-Efficacy Scale (ASES) measures students' beliefs about their capability to succeed in academic tasks. Grounded in Bandura's social cognitive theory, the instrument assesses perceived competence in diverse academic domains—understanding lectures, completing assignments, performing on exams, and engaging in scholarly work. High academic self-efficacy is a strong predictor of achievement, persistence, and resilience in the face of academic challenges.	The Study Process Questionnaire (SPQ) is a self-report instrument developed by John Biggs to identify the approaches and processes students use when learning. It assesses three dimensions: deep learning approach (seeking understanding and making connections), surface learning approach (memorizing and reproducing), and achieving/strategic approach (aiming for high grades). Understanding students' study processes helps educators identify learning challenges and tailor support.