방법 비교

	결측 데이터가 있는 변분 추론	결측치가 있는 깁스 샘플링
분야	베이지안	베이지안
계열	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
기원 연도	1994–2008	1987–1990
창시자	Ghahramani & Jordan; Wainwright & Jordan (formal foundations)	Tanner & Wong (data augmentation), Gelfand & Smith (Gibbs sampler)
유형	Approximate Bayesian inference	Bayesian computational method
원전	Ghahramani, Z. & Jordan, M. I. (1994). Supervised learning from incomplete data via an EM approach. In Cowan, J. D., Tesauro, G. & Alspector, J. (Eds.), Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 6 (pp. 120–127). Morgan Kaufmann.	Tanner, M. A. & Wong, W. H. (1987). The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 82(398), 528–540.
별칭	VI with missing data, variational EM with missing data, VB missing data, mean-field VI for incomplete data	data augmentation Gibbs sampler, Gibbs sampler with data augmentation, Bayesian imputation via Gibbs sampling, MCMC missing data imputation
관련	4	6
요약	Variational inference with missing data is a scalable Bayesian approach that simultaneously approximates the posterior over latent variables and model parameters while imputing missing observations. Instead of integrating over all possible values of the missing entries exactly, it posits a tractable approximate distribution and optimises it to be as close as possible to the true joint posterior, yielding fast, principled inference even in high-dimensional incomplete datasets.	Gibbs sampling with missing data treats unobserved values as additional unknowns alongside model parameters and samples all of them jointly within a Markov chain Monte Carlo loop. The method alternates between drawing the missing values from their conditional distribution given the parameters and drawing the parameters from their conditional distribution given the completed data, producing a posterior over both simultaneously.