방법 비교

	Tsunami Inundation Modeling	Storm Surge Modeling
분야	Disaster Studies	Disaster Studies
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1998	1992
창시자	Vasily Titov & Costas Synolakis (MOST model and benchmarking)	Chester Jelesnianski and colleagues (SLOSH); Joannes Westerink & Richard Luettich (ADCIRC)
유형	Shallow-water numerical simulation pipeline (generation-propagation-inundation)	Hydrodynamic shallow-water simulation pipeline forced by tropical-cyclone winds
원전	Titov, V. V., & Synolakis, C. E. (1998). Numerical Modeling of Tidal Wave Runup. Journal of Waterway, Port, Coastal, and Ocean Engineering, 124(4), 157-171.	Westerink, J. J., Luettich, R. A., Feyen, J. C., Atkinson, J. H., Dawson, C., Roberts, H. J., Powell, M. D., Dunion, J. P., Kubatko, E. J., & Pourtaheri, H. (2008). A Basin- to Channel-Scale Unstructured Grid Hurricane Storm Surge Model Applied to Southern Louisiana. Monthly Weather Review, 136(3), 833-864.
별칭	Tsunami Runup Modeling, Tsunami Flooding Simulation, Shallow-Water Tsunami Inundation, Tsunami Hazard Simulation	Hurricane Storm Surge Simulation, Coastal Surge Modeling, Surge Hindcast and Forecast Modeling, Hydrodynamic Surge Inundation Modeling
관련	3	3
요약	Tsunami inundation modeling simulates the entire life of a tsunami — its generation by seafloor displacement, its propagation across the ocean, and its runup and flooding of the coast — by numerically solving the equations of shallow-water hydrodynamics. The shallow-water approximation holds because a tsunami's wavelength vastly exceeds the ocean depth, so the wave behaves as a long wave whose speed depends on water depth, refracting and shoaling as it approaches shore. Titov and Synolakis's 1998 work on numerical modeling of long-wave runup established the Method of Splitting Tsunami (MOST), a finite-difference solver that became the operational standard for tsunami forecasting and inundation mapping. Because such models drive emergency planning, Synolakis and colleagues' 2008 paper set out the analytical, laboratory, and field benchmarks every tsunami model must pass to be trusted. The defining technical challenge is the moving shoreline — the wetting and drying of land as the wave advances and retreats. The output is a map of maximum inundation depth, extent, and runup elevation along the coast.	Storm surge modeling simulates the abnormal rise of coastal water driven by a storm — principally the wind stress and low atmospheric pressure of a hurricane or extratropical cyclone — by solving the depth-integrated shallow-water equations of coastal hydrodynamics. The surge is the difference between the storm-driven water level and the normal astronomical tide, and it is the deadliest hazard of most landfalling hurricanes, capable of flooding low-lying coasts kilometers inland. The operational tradition began with Jelesnianski and colleagues' SLOSH model, documented in the 1992 NOAA technical report, which the National Weather Service still uses for real-time forecasting and evacuation planning. High-resolution research and design work increasingly uses the unstructured-grid ADCIRC model, whose application to southern Louisiana by Westerink, Luettich, and colleagues in 2008 set the standard for basin-to-channel-scale surge simulation. The defining challenges are representing the hurricane wind field accurately and resolving the complex coastal geometry — channels, marshes, and levees — that steers the water. The output is a time-evolving map of water level and overland inundation.