방법 비교

	삼각 검증 연구 일지	일기법	현장 기록	연구 일지
분야	조사방법론	조사방법론	조사방법론	조사방법론
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1970s–1980s (triangulation formalized by Denzin 1978; diary methodology developed through 1980s)	1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942)	Late 19th century (formalized in 20th century)	1981 (methodological codification); diary use in research dates to 19th-century anthropology
창시자	Norman K. Denzin (triangulation framework); Mary Louise Holly (research diary practice)	Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries)	Rooted in 19th-century anthropology and sociology; systematized by ethnographers such as Bronislaw Malinowski and later Robert Emerson et al.	Robert G. Burgess (systematic methodological treatment)
유형	Qualitative data collection technique	Qualitative / mixed-methods data-collection technique	Qualitative data collection and recording technique	Qualitative data collection and reflexivity tool
원전	Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Alaszewski, A. (2006). Using Diaries for Social Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761941415	Emerson, R. M., Fretz, R. I., & Shaw, L. L. (1995). Writing Ethnographic Fieldnotes. University of Chicago Press. ISBN: 978-0226206813	Burgess, R. G. (1981). Keeping a research diary. Cambridge Journal of Education, 11(1), 75–83.
별칭	reflective diary triangulation, multi-method research journal, triangulated reflexive diary, diary-based triangulation	diary study, diary technique, self-report diary, daily diary method	fieldnotes, observational notes, ethnographic notes, jottings	researcher diary, field diary, research journal, reflexive diary
관련	6	5	6	6
요약	A Triangulated Research Diary is a qualitative data collection approach in which a researcher's ongoing reflective diary is used as one strand within a triangulated data collection strategy. The diary records observations, decisions, emotions, and emerging interpretations across the study, while at least one other data source — such as interviews, documents, or observations — is collected in parallel. Cross-checking diary entries against other sources increases the credibility and depth of the findings.	The diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent intervals over a defined study period. By capturing data close in time to the event, diaries reduce retrospective recall bias and give researchers access to the texture of everyday life as it unfolds — something one-off surveys and retrospective interviews cannot provide.	Field notes are detailed written records created by researchers during or immediately after direct observation in a naturalistic setting. They capture what is seen, heard, and experienced — including behaviors, interactions, physical environments, and the researcher's own analytic impressions — forming the primary data source for ethnographic and observational studies.	A research diary is a systematic, dated log maintained by the researcher throughout a study to record methodological decisions, emergent observations, analytical hunches, and reflections on researcher positionality. Unlike a participant diary, it is authored by the researcher and functions simultaneously as a data source, an audit trail, and a reflexivity instrument.