방법 비교

	삼각검증 현장 기록	혼합 연구 방법론
분야	조사방법론	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1970s–1980s	—
창시자	Norman K. Denzin (triangulation); Yvonna Lincoln & Egon Guba (trustworthiness framework)	—
유형	Qualitative data collection and verification technique	Research design framework
원전	Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Creswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379
별칭	multi-source field notes, cross-observer field notes, triangulated observation notes, TFN	Karma Yöntem Araştırması (Mixed Methods), multi-method research, triangulation design
관련	5	4
요약	Triangulated Field Notes is a qualitative data collection technique in which field notes are recorded independently by multiple observers, from multiple vantage points, or at multiple time points and then systematically compared to strengthen the credibility and completeness of observational data. Rooted in Denzin's triangulation framework and Lincoln and Guba's trustworthiness criteria, the approach counters observer bias by cross-checking accounts before analysis begins.	Mixed methods research is a systematic research design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analysed within a single study. Formalised by Creswell and Plano Clark (2003, 3rd ed. 2018), it offers three principal design variants — concurrent, sequential, and transformative — and strengthens findings through triangulation across both data strands.