방법 비교

	텍스트 비평	구술사 방법론
분야	현장 조사법	현장 조사법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Antiquity; modern systematic method c. 1850s (Lachmann)	1948 (systematic practice); broader theorisation 1970s–1990s
창시자	Classical philologists (Karl Lachmann foremost in systematic method)	Columbia University Oral History Research Office (Allan Nevins); later theorised by Alessandro Portelli and Donald Ritchie
유형	Humanistic / philological research method	Qualitative historical-empirical method
원전	West, M. L. (1973). Textual Criticism and Editorial Technique Applicable to Greek and Latin Texts. Teubner. ISBN: 978-3519074014	Ritchie, D. A. (2015). Doing Oral History (3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0199329960
별칭	lower criticism, editorial criticism, philological criticism, manuscript criticism	oral history research, life history interviewing, oral testimony research, OHM
관련	5	6
요약	Textual criticism is a systematic philological method for identifying, comparing, and evaluating variant readings across multiple manuscript or print witnesses of a text in order to reconstruct the most accurate version of the original — or the author's intended — text. Applied since antiquity to classical, biblical, and literary works, it remains the foundational editorial method in classical studies, biblical scholarship, medieval studies, and critical editing of literary works.	The oral history method is a qualitative research approach in which researchers conduct in-depth, recorded interviews with individuals who have direct personal experience of a historical event, social process, or community life. It captures subjective perspectives, memory, and lived experience that written records rarely preserve, making it indispensable for recovering voices absent from official archives — particularly those of marginalised communities, minority groups, and ordinary people.