방법 비교

	Technography	Technological Frames Analysis
분야	Science Technology Studies	Science Technology Studies
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2011	1995
창시자	Kees Jansen & Sietze Vellema (Wageningen); algorithmic strand by Taina Bucher	Wiebe E. Bijker; extended to organisations by Wanda Orlikowski & Debra Gash
유형	Ethnographic field method	Qualitative interpretive method
원전	Jansen, K., & Vellema, S. (2011). What is technography? NJAS - Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 57(3-4), 169-177.	Bijker, W. E. (1995). Of Bicycles, Bakelites, and Bulbs: Toward a Theory of Sociotechnical Change. MIT Press. ISBN: 9780262023764
별칭	Ethnography of technology-in-use, Technographic analysis, Algorithmic technography	Technological frame analysis, Frame incongruence analysis, Relevant social group framing
관련	4	4
요약	Technography is the ethnographic description of technology-in-use: how tools, machines, and systems are actually handled, skilled, and enacted in the course of real tasks. Articulated as a method by Kees Jansen and Sietze Vellema in the Wageningen tradition of agrarian and development studies, it places the technical at the centre of ethnographic attention, asking how people and artefacts together accomplish work. A digital strand, exemplified by Taina Bucher's study of algorithmic power, extends technography to software and platforms, examining how algorithms are encountered, felt, and acted upon. Across both, the method treats technology not as a finished object but as something performed in practice within particular social and material settings.	Technological frames analysis examines the shared assumptions, goals, and problem-solving strategies through which groups make sense of a technology and act upon it. Introduced by Wiebe Bijker as part of the social construction of technology, a technological frame structures the interaction among members of a relevant social group and binds the meaning of an artefact to their concerns. Wanda Orlikowski and Debra Gash later carried the concept into organisations, showing how different stakeholder groups hold distinct frames about information technology and how the resulting frame incongruence shapes adoption and use. The method reconstructs these frames, analyses their content, and links them to technological outcomes.