방법 비교

	Systemic Functional Analysis	비판적 담론 분석
분야	언어학	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1985	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
창시자	M. A. K. Halliday (analytic procedure within Systemic Functional Linguistics)	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
유형	Qualitative functional analysis of texts via metafunctions	Qualitative research method
원전	Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2014). Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 9781444146608	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
별칭	SFL Text Analysis, Metafunctional Analysis, Functional Grammar Analysis	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
관련	4	6
요약	Systemic functional analysis is the procedure of analyzing texts through the lens of M. A. K. Halliday's systemic functional linguistics, which holds that every clause simultaneously makes three kinds of meaning. The analyst works through a text clause by clause, examining its ideational meaning (who does what to whom, through the transitivity system of process types and participants), its interpersonal meaning (how the clause enacts a relationship, through mood and modality), and its textual meaning (how it is organized as a message, through theme and rheme). These three metafunctions together let the analyst show, in fine grammatical detail, how a text construes experience, negotiates social roles, and packages information.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.