방법 비교

	조사	종단 조사	혼합 연구 방법론
분야	조사방법론	조사방법론	질적 방법
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Late 19th century; systematic social-science use from 1940s	1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century	—
창시자	Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; formalised by Paul Lazarsfeld in the 1940s	Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies)	—
유형	Quantitative (primarily) or mixed-methods data-collection instrument	Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design	Research design framework
원전	Dillman, D. A., Smyth, J. D., & Christian, L. M. (2014). Internet, Phone, Mail, and Mixed-Mode Surveys: The Tailored Design Method (4th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118456149	Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292	Creswell, J.W. & Plano Clark, V.L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379
별칭	questionnaire survey, survey research, self-report survey, questionnaire study	panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey	Karma Yöntem Araştırması (Mixed Methods), multi-method research, triangulation design
관련	6	3	4
요약	A survey is a systematic data-collection method in which a standardised set of questions is posed to a sample of respondents to measure attitudes, behaviours, demographics, or other constructs. Surveys can be administered via paper, telephone, online platforms, or face-to-face. They are among the most widely used instruments in social, behavioural, health, and educational research because they can reach large, geographically dispersed samples at relatively low cost.	A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support.	Mixed methods research is a systematic research design in which quantitative and qualitative data are collected and analysed within a single study. Formalised by Creswell and Plano Clark (2003, 3rd ed. 2018), it offers three principal design variants — concurrent, sequential, and transformative — and strengthens findings through triangulation across both data strands.