방법 비교

	Social Metabolism Analysis	Environmentally Extended Input-Output Analysis
분야	Environmental Sociology	경제학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1998	1970
창시자	Marina Fischer-Kowalski (Vienna School of Social Ecology)	Wassily Leontief
유형	Biophysical accounting pipeline for society's material and energy flows	Input-output model augmented with environmental satellite accounts
원전	Fischer-Kowalski, M. (1998). Society's Metabolism: The Intellectual History of Materials Flow Analysis, Part I, 1860-1970. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2(1), 61-78.	Leontief, W. (1970). Environmental repercussions and the economic structure: an input-output approach. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 262–271.
별칭	Societal Metabolism Analysis, Material and Energy Flow Analysis (MEFA), Socio-Economic Metabolism, Social Metabolism Accounting	EEIO, Environmental Input-Output Analysis, Pollution Input-Output Model, Footprint Input-Output Analysis
관련	4	4
요약	Social metabolism analysis studies a society as if it were a living organism that takes in materials and energy from nature, transforms them, builds up stocks, and excretes wastes and emissions, characterizing this biophysical throughput through systematic accounting. The concept and its intellectual lineage were synthesized by Marina Fischer-Kowalski and colleagues at the Vienna School of Social Ecology in their two-part 1998 history of materials flow analysis, which traced the metabolism metaphor from nineteenth-century thinkers to its modern, quantitative form. The method draws a boundary around a socio-economic system, a country, region, or city, and accounts for the materials and energy entering it through domestic extraction and imports, the stocks accumulated in buildings and infrastructure, and the outputs released as wastes, emissions, and exports. Mass and energy balances ensure the accounts are internally consistent, yielding indicators such as domestic material consumption and per-capita material flow that describe the scale and structure of a society's resource use. By comparing throughput to economic output over time, the analysis examines whether economies are decoupling growth from material and energy use. Social metabolism is a foundational framework in social ecology and industrial ecology for assessing biophysical sustainability.	Environmentally extended input-output (EEIO) analysis appends satellite accounts of physical environmental flows — greenhouse-gas emissions, energy, water, land, and materials — to a monetary input-output table so that environmental burdens can be allocated through supply chains to the final demand that ultimately drives them. By multiplying direct environmental-intensity coefficients by the Leontief inverse, EEIO computes the total burden embodied in each unit of final demand, providing the standard framework for consumption-based carbon footprints and emissions embodied in trade.