방법 비교

	SES Framework	IAD Framework
분야	Environmental Sociology	Environmental Sociology
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2009	2011
창시자	Elinor Ostrom	Elinor Ostrom and colleagues (Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis)
유형	Multi-tier diagnostic framework for sustainability of coupled human-natural systems	Diagnostic framework for institutional analysis of collective action
원전	Ostrom, E. (2009). A General Framework for Analyzing Sustainability of Social-Ecological Systems. Science, 325(5939), 419-422.	Ostrom, E. (2011). Background on the Institutional Analysis and Development Framework. Policy Studies Journal, 39(1), 7-27.
별칭	Social-Ecological Systems Framework, Ostrom SES Framework, Coupled Human-Natural Systems Framework, Multi-Tier SES Diagnostic Framework	Institutional Analysis and Development Framework, Ostrom IAD Framework, Action-Situation Analysis, Workshop Institutional Analysis
관련	3	3
요약	The social-ecological systems (SES) framework, set out by Elinor Ostrom in her 2009 Science paper, is a multi-tier diagnostic structure for analyzing why some coupled human-natural systems are governed sustainably and others are not. It treats a social-ecological system as the interplay of four core subsystems, a resource system, the resource units it produces, a governance system, and the users, all embedded in broader social, economic, and political settings and related ecosystems. Each core subsystem unpacks into second- and lower-tier variables, giving a shared, nested vocabulary of dozens of attributes that can be drawn on selectively for a given question. The framework extends Ostrom's earlier Institutional Analysis and Development work to tightly coupled human-environment systems and is designed to support cumulative, comparable diagnosis of sustainability, including the conditions under which users self-organize to manage a resource.	The Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework is a general diagnostic language for studying how rules, physical conditions, and community attributes shape human interaction in any collective-action setting. Developed over decades by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues at the Workshop in Political Theory and Policy Analysis, it places the action situation at its center: the social space where actors in positions take actions under given information, control, and payoffs to produce outcomes. The framework's organizing claim is that this action situation is structured by three sets of exogenous factors, the biophysical conditions, the attributes of the community, and the rules-in-use, and that analysts can explain and compare outcomes by examining how these factors configure the situation. Far from a single theory, the IAD framework is a multi-tier scaffolding into which specific theories and models can be slotted, which is why it has been applied to commons, public goods, federalism, and policy across many fields.