방법 비교

	Slotted ALOHA 랜덤 접속 프로토콜	충돌 회피 기능이 있는 반송파 감지 다중 접속 (CSMA/CA)	직교 주파수 분할 다중화 (OFDM)	섀넌 채널 용량 정리
분야	통신공학	통신공학	통신공학	통신공학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1970	1990	1971	1948
창시자	Norman Abramson and Lawrence Roberts	Phil Karn	Weinstein and Ebert	Claude Shannon
유형	random access protocol	random access protocol	multicarrier modulation scheme	fundamental theoretical bound
원전	Roberts, L. G. (1975). ALOHA packet system with and without slots and capture. ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review, 5(2), 28-42.	Karn, P. (1990). MACA—a new channel access method for packet radio. In Proceedings of the ARRL/CRRL Amateur Radio 9th Computer Networking Conference, 134-140.	Weinstein, S. B., & Ebert, P. M. (1971). Data transmission by frequency-division multiplexing using the discrete Fourier transform. IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 19(5), 628-634.	Shannon, C. E. (1948). A mathematical theory of communication. Bell System Technical Journal, 27(3), 379-423.
별칭	random access, medium access	medium access control, WiFi MAC	multicarrier modulation	channel capacity, information theory bound
관련	3	3	5	5
요약	Slotted ALOHA is a fundamental random access protocol enabling multiple devices to share a wireless channel without centralized coordination. Introduced by Abramson (1970) and refined by Roberts (1975), it divides time into fixed slots and allows devices to transmit at the beginning of a slot with a fixed probability. While simple and elegant, Slotted ALOHA achieves only 37% channel utilization under saturation (optimal traffic load), a fundamental limit discovered by Abramson. Despite this limitation, Slotted ALOHA remains a teaching tool and appears in modern systems like satellite and IoT networks.	CSMA/CA is a random access protocol for wireless medium access control, designed to enable multiple devices to share a wireless channel while minimizing collisions. Introduced by Phil Karn in 1990, it is the foundation of WiFi (IEEE 802.11) and is now the de facto standard for unlicensed spectrum access. CSMA/CA combines carrier sensing (listen before transmit) with collision avoidance (RTS/CTS handshake) to improve channel efficiency and fairness, avoiding the efficiency loss of pure random access (Aloha).	OFDM is a multicarrier modulation technique that divides a wideband channel into many narrowband orthogonal subcarriers. Introduced by Weinstein and Ebert in 1971, it exploits the duality between time and frequency domains to efficiently use spectrum while mitigating intersymbol interference in frequency-selective channels. OFDM is now the standard for high-speed wireless systems including WiFi, cellular LTE, and digital broadcasting.	Shannon's channel capacity theorem, published in 1948, establishes the maximum rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a noisy channel. Expressed as C = B log2(1 + S/N) for additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), it is a fundamental bound in information theory and communications engineering. Shannon proved that reliable communication is possible at any rate below capacity, and impossible above it. This theorem underpins the design of all modern communication systems and motivates coding theory, modulation, and signal processing techniques.