방법 비교

	시뮬레이션 기반 신뢰도 분석	고장수목 분석 (FTA)
분야	실험설계	신뢰성
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1940s–1980s (Monte Carlo foundations ~1940s; simulation-reliability integration ~1970s–1980s)	1981
창시자	Enrico Fermi, John von Neumann, Stanislaw Ulam (Monte Carlo foundations); Freudenthal (structural reliability); Melchers (simulation integration)	Vesely et al. (US NRC Fault Tree Handbook)
유형	Quantitative probabilistic engineering method	Deductive top-down failure analysis
원전	Melchers, R. E., & Beck, A. T. (2018). Structural Reliability Analysis and Prediction (3rd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1119266075	Vesely, W. E., Goldberg, F. F., Roberts, N. H., & Haasl, D. F. (1981). Fault Tree Handbook (NUREG-0492). U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission.
별칭	SARA, Monte Carlo reliability analysis, simulation-based reliability assessment, virtual reliability testing	FTA, Fault Tree Method, Top-Down Reliability Analysis, Hata Ağacı Analizi
관련	6	3
요약	Simulation-assisted reliability analysis combines probabilistic reliability theory with computational simulation — most commonly Monte Carlo methods or finite-element models — to estimate the probability that a system, component, or structure will perform its intended function under uncertain operating conditions. Rather than relying solely on closed-form analytical solutions, it propagates uncertainty through high-fidelity numerical models to quantify failure risk across complex, nonlinear, or multi-failure-mode systems.	Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is a top-down, deductive reliability method that begins with an undesired top-level failure event and systematically traces backward through chains of contributing causes using Boolean logic gates (AND, OR). First formalized by Watson at Bell Telephone Laboratories in 1961 and later standardized by Vesely, Goldberg, Roberts, and Haasl in the landmark 1981 NRC Fault Tree Handbook, FTA has become a cornerstone of quantitative risk assessment in nuclear, aerospace, and industrial safety engineering.