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| 단축형 측정 불변성× | 차별 문항 기능(Differential Item Functioning, DIF)× | |
|---|---|---|
| 분야 | 심리측정학 | 심리측정학 |
| 계열 | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| 기원 연도≠ | 2000s | 1970s–1993 |
| 창시자≠ | Adapted from Vandenberg & Lance (2000) and Millsap & Kwok (2004) invariance framework applied to short-form scales | William H. Angoff and colleagues (ETS); systematized by Holland & Wainer |
| 유형≠ | Measurement equivalence testing | Item-level bias detection |
| 원전≠ | Millsap, R. E., & Kwok, O. M. (2004). Evaluating the impact of partial factor loading and intercept invariance on selection in two populations. Psychological Methods, 9(1), 93–115. DOI ↗ | Holland, P. W. & Wainer, H. (Eds.) (1993). Differential Item Functioning. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. ISBN: 978-0805809589 |
| 별칭 | SF-MI, abbreviated scale invariance, short-form factorial invariance, brief measure invariance | DIF, item bias analysis, measurement non-equivalence, item-level measurement bias |
| 관련≠ | 6 | 5 |
| 요약≠ | Short form measurement invariance testing evaluates whether an abbreviated version of a psychological scale measures the same latent construct equivalently across groups or conditions. It applies the hierarchical multigroup confirmatory factor analysis invariance sequence — configural, metric, scalar, and strict — specifically to short-form instruments, ensuring that brevity does not introduce measurement bias when comparing subgroups. | Differential item functioning identifies test or survey items that behave differently for examinees from different groups — such as gender, ethnicity, or language background — after controlling for the underlying ability or trait being measured. DIF analysis is essential for fairness evaluation in educational testing and psychological scale development. |
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