방법 비교

	순차적 변혁적 혼합 연구 설계	동시 변혁적 혼합 방법
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2003–2007 (Mertens 2003; Creswell & Plano Clark 2007)	2000s (formalized ~2007–2009)
창시자	Donna M. Mertens (transformative framework); John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (mixed methods typology)	Donna M. Mertens; John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Mertens, D. M. (2009). Transformative Research and Evaluation. Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1593856670	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379
별칭	sequential transformative design, transformative sequential MMR, Seq-TRAN mixed methods, sequential transformative research	concurrent transformative design, simultaneous transformative mixed methods, parallel transformative design, transformative concurrent design
관련	5	5
요약	Sequential transformative mixed methods design combines the temporal structure of sequential mixed methods — collecting qualitative and quantitative data in two distinct, ordered phases — with a transformative theoretical framework that centres social justice, equity, and the perspectives of marginalized communities. Either the qualitative or the quantitative phase may come first; the sequence is determined by what the transformative research question demands. The design is guided by the work of Donna Mertens and is systematized in the Creswell and Plano Clark mixed methods typology.	Concurrent transformative mixed methods design collects quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously, guided by a transformative theoretical lens — such as feminist, critical race, disability, or indigenous frameworks — that foregrounds equity, power, and social change. The design gives either strand equal or unequal priority, but both strands are explicitly shaped by the transformative worldview. Findings are merged or compared to generate actionable insights that advocate for marginalized communities.