방법 비교

	순차적 실용주의 혼합 방법론	동시 실용주의 혼합 방법
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2003–2010	2000s–2010s
창시자	Creswell & Plano Clark; Tashakkori & Teddlie (pragmatic worldview formalization)	John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark; philosophical grounding by R. Burke Johnson & Anthony Onwuegbuzie
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379
별칭	sequential pragmatic MMR, pragmatic sequential mixed design, sequential pragma-driven mixed methods, pragmatism-guided sequential mixed methods	concurrent pragmatic design, pragmatic concurrent mixed methods, simultaneous pragmatic mixed methods
관련	5	6
요약	Sequential pragmatic mixed methods is a mixed-methods research design in which quantitative and qualitative data strands are collected and analyzed in a defined sequence — one strand following and building on the other — with the entire design anchored in a pragmatic philosophical worldview. Pragmatism foregrounds research usefulness and problem-solving, treating method choice as a practical decision rather than an ideological commitment, and it provides the integrative logic for combining the two strands into actionable insights.	Concurrent pragmatic mixed methods is a research design that collects quantitative and qualitative data simultaneously within a pragmatic philosophical framework. Rather than privileging either positivism or constructivism, the pragmatic stance selects methods based on what best answers the research question. Both data strands are gathered in parallel, then merged at the interpretation stage to provide a fuller picture than either strand alone could yield.