방법 비교

	Scientific Collaboration Index (Co-Authorship Intensity)	Relative Specialization / Activity Index
분야	계량서지학	계량서지학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1983	1986
창시자	K. Subramanyam (review and Collaboration Index); S. M. Lawani (collaborative measures)	J. Davidson Frame (activity index); András Schubert & Tibor Braun (relative indicators)
유형	Descriptive bibliometric indicators of co-authorship intensity	Normalized bibliometric indicator of revealed research specialization
원전	Subramanyam, K. (1983). Bibliometric studies of research collaboration: A review. Journal of Information Science, 6(1), 33-38.	Schubert, A., & Braun, T. (1986). Relative indicators and relational charts for comparative assessment of publication output and citation impact. Scientometrics, 9(5-6), 281-291.
별칭	Degree of Collaboration, Collaborative Coefficient, Co-Authorship Intensity, Collaboration Index	Activity Index, Relative Specialization Index, Revealed Comparative Advantage in Science, Attractivity Index
관련	3	3
요약	The Scientific Collaboration Index family quantifies how collaborative a body of research is by analyzing the number of authors per paper. In his influential 1983 review of bibliometric studies of research collaboration, K. Subramanyam consolidated the main measures: the Degree of Collaboration (the proportion of multi-authored papers), the Collaboration Index (the mean number of authors per paper), and related indicators. S. M. Lawani and later Ajiferuke and colleagues refined these into the Collaborative Coefficient, which weights papers by how many authors share them while keeping the index bounded. Together these indices give simple, comparable summaries of co-authorship intensity that have documented the long-term rise of team science across nearly every field, and they remain standard descriptive tools in scientometrics, library science, and research-policy studies of collaboration.	The Relative Specialization Index and the closely related Activity Index measure how much a country, institution, or other unit concentrates its research effort in a given field relative to a global benchmark. The Activity Index, popularized by J. Davidson Frame in the 1970s, compares a unit's share of its own output devoted to a field against the world's share of output in that field: a value above 1 means the unit is more active (more specialized) in that field than the world average, and below 1 means less. András Schubert and Tibor Braun's relative-indicator framework formalized this family and introduced bounded, symmetric variants and 'relational charts' that pair publication activity with citation 'attractivity'. These indices are the scientometric analogue of revealed comparative advantage in trade and are central to national and institutional research-profiling.