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| 관계형 조사× | 설명 연구× | |
|---|---|---|
| 분야 | 연구설계 | 연구설계 |
| 계열 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 기원 연도≠ | Mid-20th century onward (systematised ~1960s–1990s) | 1960s–1980s (codified in behavioral and social science methodology) |
| 창시자≠ | Established in educational and social science research methodology; systematised by Fraenkel & Wallen and others | Formalized by Earl Babbie and Fred Kerlinger among others |
| 유형≠ | Quantitative non-experimental survey design | Non-experimental quantitative research design |
| 원전≠ | Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0073525748 | Kerlinger, F. N. (1986). Foundations of Behavioral Research (3rd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN: 978-0030417559 |
| 별칭 | correlational survey, associational survey, relationship survey design, relational descriptive survey | analytical research, causal research, explanatory study, explanatory quantitative research |
| 관련≠ | 4 | 5 |
| 요약≠ | Relational survey research is a quantitative, non-experimental design that gathers structured self-report data from a sample and examines the statistical associations among two or more variables. Unlike purely descriptive surveys, which only characterise distributions, relational surveys ask whether and how strongly variables co-vary — providing evidence of relationships without manipulating conditions or establishing causation. | Explanatory research is a non-experimental quantitative research design that goes beyond describing a phenomenon to identifying why it occurs — examining the relationships or mechanisms that account for observed patterns. Rooted in positivist social science methodology, it uses theory-driven hypotheses and statistical analysis to test whether specific variables explain variation in an outcome, without necessarily manipulating those variables. |
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