방법 비교

	양적 우위 변혁적 혼합 방법 설계	참여적 동시 내재 혼합 연구 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2003–2007 (Mertens); systematised 2011 (Creswell & Plano Clark)	2000s–2010s
창시자	Donna M. Mertens (transformative paradigm); John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (mixed methods typology)	Creswell & Plano Clark (embedded design); Mertens, Tashakkori & Teddlie (participatory frameworks)
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Mertens, D. M. (2007). Transformative paradigm: Mixed methods and social justice. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(3), 212–225.	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-1483344379
별칭	QUAN-dominant transformative MMR, transformative mixed methods (quantitative priority), transformative QUAN-priority design, advocacy-framed mixed methods (quantitative emphasis)	participatory embedded concurrent design, action-research embedded mixed methods, PAR concurrent embedded design, community-based embedded mixed methods
관련	6	4
요약	Quantitative-dominant transformative mixed methods design embeds a transformative theoretical lens — such as feminist, critical race, or disability theory — as the overarching framework of a study while assigning greater weight and priority to quantitative data collection and analysis. Qualitative data play a secondary, supplementary role, typically contextualising or deepening statistical findings. The design is common in social justice, equity, and advocacy-oriented applied research where large-scale measurement is essential but must be grounded in an explicit commitment to marginalized communities.	Participatory concurrent embedded mixed methods is a research design that combines a participatory or community-based action research framework with an embedded concurrent data structure — simultaneously collecting dominant and supplementary data strands from community stakeholders who are active co-investigators rather than passive subjects. The embedded strand (typically qualitative) is nested within the dominant strand (typically quantitative) and both are gathered at the same time while community members guide priorities, instruments, and meaning-making throughout.