방법 비교

	질적 우위 다층 혼합 방법 설계	질적 우위 변혁적 혼합 연구 설계
분야	연구설계	연구설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2000s–2010s	2003–2010
창시자	Tashakkori & Teddlie; Leech & Onwuegbuzie	Donna M. Mertens (transformative framework); John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark (weighting typology)
유형	Mixed methods research design	Mixed methods research design
원전	Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (Eds.). (2010). SAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social and Behavioral Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1412972666	Mertens, D. M. (2009). Transformative Research and Evaluation. Guilford Press. ISBN: 978-1593856267
별칭	QUAL-dominant multilevel MMR, qualitative-priority multilevel mixed methods, qual-dominant nested multilevel design, QUAL+quan multilevel design	QUAL-dominant transformative MMR, qualitative-priority transformative design, QUAL+ transformative mixed methods, transformative mixed methods with qualitative priority
관련	4	6
요약	Qualitative-dominant multilevel mixed methods design addresses research questions nested across two or more social levels — such as individuals within classrooms within schools — while assigning primary inferential weight to the qualitative strand. Quantitative data collected at one or more levels serve a supporting role: they contextualize, corroborate, or sharpen qualitative findings rather than generate the principal conclusions. The design is especially productive when understanding processes and meanings at multiple organizational layers is more important than population-level statistical estimates.	Qualitative-dominant transformative mixed methods is a mixed methods research design in which qualitative data carry the primary evidential weight while quantitative data serve a supplementary role, and the entire inquiry is governed by a transformative theoretical framework — one committed to social justice, equity, and the amplification of marginalized voices. The design produces rich contextual understanding alongside statistical corroboration to advance emancipatory or advocacy-oriented goals.