방법 비교

	전향적 중첩 환자-대조군 연구	사례-대조 연구
분야	역학	역학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1977	1950s (formal methodology); precursors in the 1920s
창시자	D.C. Thomas (formal description); building on Mantel (1973) and Liddell, McDonald & Thomas (1977)	Janet Lane-Claypon (early precursors, 1926); formalized by Brian MacMahon and Jerome Cornfield in the 1950s–1960s
유형	Observational analytic design	Observational analytic study design
원전	Thomas, D.C. (1977). Addendum to: Methods of cohort analysis: Appraisal by application to asbestos mining. By F.D.K. Liddell, J.C. McDonald, and D.C. Thomas. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A, 140(4), 469-491.	Schlesselman, J.J. (1982). Case-Control Studies: Design, Conduct, Analysis. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195027860
별칭	prospective NCC, nested case-control within prospective cohort, prospective case-control within cohort, incident NCC	case-referent study, case-control design, retrospective case-control, case-control analysis
관련	5	6
요약	A prospective nested case-control study enrolls a cohort before disease onset, follows participants forward in time, and then — once cases develop — samples matched controls from those still at risk at the time each case occurs. By embedding the case-control comparison inside a prospective cohort, the design combines the causal clarity of longitudinal follow-up with the cost efficiency of analysing only a fraction of the cohort's stored specimens or records.	A case-control study is a retrospective observational design in which individuals who have developed a disease or outcome of interest (cases) are compared with individuals who have not (controls) to determine whether prior exposure to a putative risk factor differs between the two groups. The primary measure of association is the odds ratio, which approximates the relative risk when the outcome is rare. Case-control studies are especially efficient for investigating rare diseases and generating etiological hypotheses.