방법 비교

	전향적 진단 정확도 연구	무작위 임상시험 (RCT)
분야	역학	역학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	Formalized 2000s; practice dates to mid-20th century	1948 (first rigorously conducted RCT — MRC streptomycin trial)
창시자	Established through STARD initiative (Bossuyt, Reitsma et al., 2000s)	Austin Bradford Hill; MRC Streptomycin Trial team
유형	Observational / evaluative study design	Interventional experimental study
원전	Bossuyt, P. M., Reitsma, J. B., Bruns, D. E., Gatsonis, C. A., Glasziou, P. P., Irwig, L., ... & Cohen, J. F. (2015). STARD 2015: an updated list of essential items for reporting diagnostic accuracy studies. BMJ, 351, h5527.	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185385
별칭	prospective DTA study, prospective test accuracy study, forward-looking diagnostic study, prospective index test evaluation	RCT, randomized controlled trial, randomised controlled trial, clinical randomized trial
관련	6	6
요약	A prospective diagnostic accuracy study enrolls participants before any test results are known and follows them forward in time to evaluate how well an index test (the test under evaluation) distinguishes individuals with and without a target condition, using a reference standard applied independently. Key accuracy metrics include sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and the area under the ROC curve. The prospective design reduces many biases inherent in retrospective test evaluations.	A randomized clinical trial (RCT) is an experimental study design in which participants are randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group, then followed prospectively to compare outcomes. Random allocation is the defining feature: it distributes known and unknown confounders across groups by chance, making the RCT the strongest individual study design for establishing causal efficacy of a treatment or intervention under controlled conditions.