방법 비교

	전후 검사 실험 설계	솔로몬 4집단 설계
분야	실험설계	실험설계
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)	1949
창시자	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley	Richard L. Solomon
유형	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design	True experimental design
원전	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.	Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150.
별칭	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design	Solomon design, four-group design, Solomon four-group control design, S4GD
관련	5	5
요약	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.	The Solomon Four-Group Design extends the classic pretest-posttest control-group design by adding two groups that receive no pretest, enabling researchers to detect whether the pretest itself alters participants' responses to the treatment. Introduced by Richard L. Solomon in 1949, it remains the gold standard for isolating the independent effect of a pretest and for obtaining unbiased estimates of treatment efficacy.