방법 비교

	실용적 선별 검사 평가	코호트 연구
분야	역학	역학
계열	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
기원 연도	2000s-2010s (formalized with PRECIS framework)	Mid-20th century (formal epidemiological design codified ~1950s)
창시자	Pragmatic trial framework: Schwartz & Lellouch (1967); PRECIS tool: Thorpe et al. (2009)	Doll & Hill (British Doctors Study, 1951); Snow (cholera, 1854)
유형	Observational / quasi-experimental evaluation design	Observational longitudinal study design
원전	Thorpe, K. E., Zwarenstein, M., Oxman, A. D., Treweek, S., Furberg, C. D., Altman, D. G., & Chalkidou, K. (2009). A pragmatic-explanatory continuum indicator summary (PRECIS): a tool to help trial designers. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(5), 464-475.	Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641
별칭	pragmatic diagnostic screen evaluation, real-world screening evaluation, effectiveness-oriented screening study, PRECIS-guided screening evaluation	longitudinal study, follow-up study, panel study, incidence study
관련	5	6
요약	A pragmatic screening test evaluation assesses the real-world effectiveness of a screening instrument under routine clinical or public-health conditions — rather than the tightly controlled, ideal-participant settings of explanatory studies. It asks whether the screening tool performs adequately in the actual populations and workflows where it will be deployed, prioritising external validity and implementation relevance over maximally controlled internal conditions.	A cohort study assembles a group of individuals who share a common starting point — typically freedom from the outcome of interest — and follows them over time to observe who develops the outcome. By comparing incidence rates between exposed and unexposed subgroups, researchers can estimate relative risk and absolute risk differences. Cohort studies are the gold-standard observational design for measuring disease incidence and establishing temporal relationships between exposure and outcome.